Dry Tortugas National Park: A Remote Island Adventure

(September 16, 2024)

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Located nearly 70 miles west of Key West, Dry Tortugas National Park is one of the most remote and captivating destinations in the United States. This collection of seven small islands, surrounded by the crystal-clear waters of the Gulf of Mexico, offers a unique blend of history, natural beauty, and unparalleled underwater adventures. For us, Dry Tortugas is a place where time seems to stand still—a hidden gem where you can immerse yourself in pristine nature, explore historic Fort Jefferson, and discover an underwater world teeming with life.

Our first visit to Dry Tortugas was nothing short of magical. The journey itself, a boat ride across turquoise waters, set the stage for an unforgettable experience. As we approached the islands, the sight of Fort Jefferson rising from the sea was awe-inspiring. But it was the combination of history, wildlife, and the incredible snorkeling opportunities that truly stole our hearts. Each visit has deepened our connection to this remote paradise, and we’re excited to share our insights to help you plan your own adventure to Dry Tortugas National Park.

Above the Water: Exploring the Rich History and Natural Beauty of Dry Tortugas

While Dry Tortugas is renowned for its underwater wonders, the experiences above the water are equally captivating. From the historic grandeur of Fort Jefferson to the serene beauty of the islands, there’s much to discover on land.

The Journey to Dry Tortugas: A Scenic Voyage

Getting to Dry Tortugas is an adventure in itself. The park is accessible only by boat or seaplane, and the journey offers stunning views of the Florida Keys and the Gulf of Mexico. Most visitors choose to take the Yankee Freedom III, a high-speed ferry that departs from Key West. The two-hour ride is a scenic cruise where you can relax, enjoy the ocean views, and keep an eye out for dolphins, sea turtles, and other marine life along the way.

For a more unique experience, consider taking a seaplane from Key West. The aerial view of the islands and the surrounding coral reefs is breathtaking, and the flight takes just 40 minutes. Whichever way you choose to travel, the journey to Dry Tortugas is part of the adventure, setting the tone for your time in this remote paradise.

Exploring Fort Jefferson: A Step Back in Time

At the heart of Dry Tortugas lies Fort Jefferson, a massive coastal fortress that dominates Garden Key, the park’s main island. Construction of the fort began in 1846, and although it was never completed, it remains one of the largest masonry structures in the Western Hemisphere. Fort Jefferson is a testament to 19th-century military engineering and offers a fascinating glimpse into the history of the United States.

• Guided Tours: Upon arrival, we highly recommend joining one of the guided tours offered by the park rangers. These tours provide valuable insights into the fort’s history, including its role during the Civil War, its use as a prison, and its strategic importance in protecting the Gulf of Mexico. Walking through the fort’s massive brick corridors, standing on the ramparts overlooking the sea, and exploring the inner moat are experiences that bring history to life.

• Self-Guided Exploration: If you prefer to explore at your own pace, take advantage of the interpretive signs located throughout the fort. Be sure to visit the fort’s powder magazines, the parade ground, and the lighthouse. Don’t miss the chance to climb to the top of the fort for panoramic views of the surrounding islands and the vast expanse of the Gulf.

Birdwatching: A Haven for Avian Enthusiasts

Dry Tortugas is not only a historical site but also a crucial stopover for migratory birds traveling between North and South America. The park’s isolated location and diverse habitats make it a birdwatcher’s paradise, particularly during the spring and fall migrations.

• Bush Key: One of the best spots for birdwatching in the park is Bush Key, which is home to one of the largest breeding colonies of sooty terns in the United States. During the nesting season, which runs from February to September, the island is alive with the calls and aerial acrobatics of thousands of terns. Visitors can observe the birds from a safe distance, and the sight of these graceful creatures in flight is truly mesmerizing.

• Loggerhead Key: Another excellent birdwatching location is Loggerhead Key, the largest of the Dry Tortugas islands. The key is home to a historic lighthouse and offers a more secluded experience, with opportunities to see a variety of seabirds, including brown noddies, frigatebirds, and roseate terns. Loggerhead Key is accessible by private boat or kayak, making it an ideal destination for those seeking a quieter, more intimate encounter with nature.

Camping on Garden Key: A Night Under the Stars

For those looking to extend their adventure, camping on Garden Key is a truly unique experience. The island’s remote location and lack of modern amenities provide an opportunity to disconnect from the outside world and immerse yourself in the natural beauty of the park.

• Camping Facilities: The campground on Garden Key offers a limited number of primitive campsites, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. There are no showers or freshwater sources on the island, so campers must bring all necessary supplies, including water, food, and cooking equipment. Despite the lack of amenities, the experience of camping under the stars, with the sound of the ocean as your lullaby, is unforgettable.

• Nighttime Activities: One of the highlights of camping at Dry Tortugas is the chance to experience the park after dark. The lack of light pollution means that the night sky is filled with stars, and the Milky Way is clearly visible. We recommend bringing a telescope or binoculars for stargazing, as the remote location offers some of the best night skies in Florida. You may also want to take a nighttime walk around the fort, where the combination of moonlight and the sound of the waves creates an eerie, yet peaceful atmosphere.

Below the Water: Diving into Dry Tortugas’ Underwater Wonderland

While the historical and natural attractions above the water are impressive, the real magic of Dry Tortugas lies beneath the surface. The park’s crystal-clear waters, thriving coral reefs, and abundant marine life make it one of the premier snorkeling and diving destinations in the United States.

Snorkeling: Exploring Vibrant Reefs and Historic Wrecks

Dry Tortugas offers some of the best snorkeling opportunities in Florida, with shallow reefs, seagrass beds, and historic shipwrecks just waiting to be explored. The park’s clear waters and diverse marine ecosystems make it a paradise for snorkelers of all skill levels.

• The Moat Wall: One of the most popular snorkeling spots is the Moat Wall, located just off the shore of Garden Key. The moat wall is part of the fort’s original defenses and has since become an artificial reef, teeming with marine life. As you snorkel along the wall, you’ll encounter schools of colorful fish, sea urchins, and the occasional octopus hiding among the crevices. The shallow depth and calm waters make this an ideal spot for beginners, and the historical significance of the site adds an extra layer of intrigue.

• Coral Head Snorkeling: For a more challenging snorkeling experience, head to the coral heads located further offshore. These isolated coral formations rise from the sandy seafloor and are home to a diverse array of marine life, including parrotfish, angelfish, and barracudas. The coral heads are accessible by boat or kayak, and the deeper water offers excellent visibility and the chance to see larger marine species.

• The Windjammer Wreck: For those interested in history, the wreck of the Windjammer, a 19th-century sailing ship, is a must-see. The shipwreck is located in shallow water near Loggerhead Key and is easily accessible for snorkelers. The wreck is encrusted with coral and sponges, and the surrounding waters are filled with fish, making it a fascinating site to explore.

Diving: Discovering the Depths of Dry Tortugas

Dry Tortugas is also a top destination for scuba diving, offering a variety of dive sites that cater to different skill levels. The park’s remote location means that the reefs are pristine and relatively undisturbed, providing a glimpse into a vibrant underwater world.

• Little Africa: One of the most popular dive sites in Dry Tortugas is Little Africa, a coral formation located near Loggerhead Key. The site is named for its shape, which resembles the African continent when viewed from above. Little Africa is a shallow dive, with depths ranging from 15 to 30 feet, making it accessible to divers of all levels. The site is known for its healthy coral, abundant fish life, and the occasional encounter with sea turtles and nurse sharks.

• The Windjammer Wreck Dive: For more experienced divers, the Windjammer wreck offers a deeper and more challenging dive. The wreck lies in about 20 to 40 feet of water and is home to a variety of marine life, including grouper, snapper, and rays. The structure of the ship is still largely intact, and divers can explore the remains of the hull, masts, and cargo hold. The combination of history and marine life makes this one of the most rewarding dives in Dry Tortugas.

• The Blue Hole: For advanced divers, the Blue Hole is a must-visit site. Located in the deeper waters of the park, the Blue Hole is a natural underwater sinkhole that drops to depths of over 100 feet. The site is known for its dramatic vertical walls, which are covered in sponges, coral, and a variety of marine life. Due to the depth and currents, this dive is recommended only for experienced divers, but the rewards are well worth the effort.

Underwater Photography: Capturing the Beauty of Dry Tortugas

The underwater landscapes of Dry Tortugas are incredibly photogenic, making it a paradise for underwater photographers. Whether you’re capturing the vibrant colors of the coral reefs, the graceful movements of marine life, or the haunting beauty of a shipwreck, there are endless opportunities to create stunning images.

• Photography Tips: When photographing underwater, it’s important to get as close to your subject as possible to minimize the amount of water between your camera and the subject. This will help to reduce the effects of water distortion and color loss. Consider using a red filter to correct the color balance, as red light is absorbed quickly underwater. Patience is key in underwater photography—take your time to observe the behavior of marine life and wait for the perfect moment to capture your shot.

• Best Times for Photography: The best time to photograph underwater in Dry Tortugas is in the morning, when the sunlight is soft and the water is calm. This provides optimal lighting conditions and reduces the risk of stirring up sediment, which can obscure your shots. The clarity of the water in Dry Tortugas is generally excellent, but visibility can be affected by tides and weather, so it’s always a good idea to check the conditions before heading out.

Accommodation: Where to Stay When Visiting Dry Tortugas

While there are no hotels or developed accommodations within Dry Tortugas National Park, there are several options for those looking to stay overnight in the area. Whether you’re camping on Garden Key or staying in Key West, there are plenty of ways to make your visit to Dry Tortugas a multi-day adventure.

Camping on Garden Key: An Unforgettable Experience

• Garden Key Campground: The only place to stay within the park is the Garden Key campground, a primitive camping area located near Fort Jefferson. The campground offers 10 campsites, each equipped with a picnic table and a grill. Camping here requires careful planning, as there are no amenities on the island—campers must bring all their own supplies, including water, food, and fuel. Despite the challenges, camping on Garden Key offers a unique opportunity to experience the park after the day-trippers have left, with the entire island nearly to yourself.

Staying in Key West: Your Gateway to Dry Tortugas

For those who prefer more comfortable accommodations, staying in Key West is the best option. Key West offers a wide range of hotels, resorts, and guesthouses to suit every budget and style.

• Luxury Stays:

  • Ocean Key Resort & Spa: Located at the end of Duval Street, this luxury resort offers stunning views of the Gulf of Mexico, an infinity pool, and a world-class spa. The resort’s prime location makes it a convenient base for exploring Key West and taking day trips to Dry Tortugas.
  • The Southernmost House: This historic boutique hotel offers a blend of old-world charm and modern luxury, with beautifully appointed rooms, a waterfront pool, and easy access to Key West’s attractions. The hotel’s oceanfront location provides breathtaking views, and its historic significance adds to the charm.

• Mid-Range Options:

  • The Marker Key West: This modern hotel is located in the heart of Old Town Key West, just steps from the harbor. The Marker offers spacious rooms, three pools, and a poolside bar, making it a great choice for families and couples alike.
  • Simonton Court Historic Inn & Cottages: Located in a historic estate, Simonton Court offers a variety of rooms and cottages, each with its own unique charm. The lush gardens, multiple pools, and central location make it a popular choice for those looking to experience the best of Key West.

• Budget-Friendly Options:

  • Seashell Motel & International Hostel: For budget-conscious travelers, the Seashell Motel offers simple, clean accommodations at an affordable price. The hostel is located in Old Town, within walking distance of many of Key West’s attractions.
  • NYAH (Not Your Average Hotel): This adults-only hotel offers a unique concept, with flexible room configurations that can accommodate groups of different sizes. The hotel features a pool, hot tub, and free breakfast, making it a great value for budget travelers.

Dining: Savoring the Flavors of Key West

While there are no dining facilities within Dry Tortugas National Park, Key West offers a vibrant culinary scene that’s well worth exploring before or after your visit to the park. From fresh seafood to Cuban-inspired cuisine, there’s something to satisfy every palate.

Casual Dining

• Blue Heaven: A Key West institution, Blue Heaven is known for its laid-back vibe, live music, and delicious Caribbean-inspired dishes. The restaurant is located in a colorful courtyard, where chickens and cats roam freely. Popular dishes include the lobster Benedict and the Key lime pie, which is widely regarded as some of the best on the island.

• Sandy’s Café: For a taste of authentic Cuban cuisine, head to Sandy’s Café, a local favorite located in a small, unassuming building. The café serves up traditional Cuban sandwiches, café con leche, and other Cuban staples. It’s the perfect spot for a quick, flavorful meal before heading out to Dry Tortugas.

• Conch Republic Seafood Company: Located on the waterfront, this casual seafood spot offers a lively atmosphere and a menu full of fresh catches. The conch fritters, fish tacos, and grilled grouper are all popular choices. The restaurant’s outdoor seating offers great views of the harbor, making it a great place to relax and enjoy a meal.

Refined Dining

• Latitudes: Located on nearby Sunset Key, Latitudes offers a fine dining experience with stunning views of the Gulf of Mexico. The restaurant’s menu features a blend of Caribbean and American flavors, with dishes like grilled snapper, lobster bisque, and Key lime cheesecake. Dining here is a special experience, with the option to dine outdoors on the beach.

• Louie’s Backyard: This upscale restaurant offers a sophisticated dining experience with beautiful ocean views. The menu features fresh seafood, creative appetizers, and an extensive wine list. The restaurant’s deck offers one of the best sunset views in Key West, making it a popular spot for romantic dinners.

• Nine One Five: Located in a historic Victorian house on Duval Street, Nine One Five offers a modern twist on classic dishes. The menu features a mix of seafood, steak, and pasta, with a focus on fresh, locally sourced ingredients. The restaurant’s cozy, yet elegant atmosphere makes it a great choice for a memorable dining experience.

Quick and Casual Bites

• Garbo’s Grill: This food truck is a local favorite, known for its delicious tacos and burgers. The Korean BBQ tacos and the Umami burger are standout options. Garbo’s is located in a small courtyard, with a laid-back atmosphere that’s perfect for a quick, casual meal.

• Frita’s Cuban Burger Café: Frita’s offers a unique take on the classic Cuban frita, a seasoned burger topped with shoestring fries. The café also serves a variety of Cuban sandwiches, empanadas, and other snacks. The colorful, outdoor seating area adds to the fun, casual vibe.

• Kermit’s Key West Key Lime Shoppe: No trip to Key West is complete without trying a slice of Key lime pie, and Kermit’s is the place to go. This charming shop offers a variety of Key lime products, including their famous Key lime pie, which is available by the slice or whole. The shop also serves Key lime-flavored ice cream, cookies, and candies.

Practical Tips: Making the Most of Your Dry Tortugas Adventure

Planning a trip to Dry Tortugas requires some preparation, but the experience is well worth the effort. Here are some practical tips to ensure your visit is as smooth and enjoyable as possible:

1. Book Early: Due to the limited access to the park, it’s essential to book your ferry or seaplane tickets well in advance, especially during peak season. If you plan to camp, make sure to secure your campsite reservation early, as spots fill up quickly.

2. Pack Wisely: There are no services or supplies available in the park, so it’s crucial to pack everything you’ll need for the day or for camping. This includes plenty of water, food, sunscreen, hats, and snorkeling gear. If you’re camping, bring all necessary supplies, including a portable stove, as open fires are not allowed.

3. Respect the Environment: Dry Tortugas is a protected area, and it’s important to minimize your impact on the environment. Always practice Leave No Trace principles—pack out all trash, avoid disturbing wildlife, and respect the park’s natural and historical resources.

4. Be Prepared for the Weather: The weather in Dry Tortugas can be unpredictable, with sudden rain showers and strong winds. Check the forecast before your trip, and be prepared for changing conditions. The sun can be intense, so bring plenty of sunscreen and consider wearing a hat and UV-protective clothing.

5. Take Your Time: Dry Tortugas is a place to slow down and savor the experience. Whether you’re exploring the fort, snorkeling in the clear waters, or simply relaxing on the beach, take your time to appreciate the beauty and tranquility of this remote paradise.

Preserving the Wonder of Dry Tortugas

Dry Tortugas National Park is a place where history, nature, and adventure come together to create an unforgettable experience. From exploring the historic Fort Jefferson to snorkeling in the vibrant coral reefs, the opportunities for discovery are endless. But with its remote location and fragile ecosystems, it’s also a place that requires our care and respect.

We hope your visit to Dry Tortugas leaves you with a deeper appreciation for its unique beauty and the importance of preserving such special places. Whether you’re diving into the underwater wonders, camping under the stars, or simply enjoying the serene surroundings, there’s a connection to be made with the natural world that will stay with you long after you’ve left.

As you explore Dry Tortugas, remember to do so with a sense of responsibility and stewardship. By being mindful of your impact and supporting conservation efforts, you can help ensure that this remarkable park remains a pristine and vibrant destination for generations to come. Your adventure awaits—dive in and discover the magic of Dry Tortugas!